Businesses that commit food fraud in order to lower costs or boost supplies could soon face criminal prosecutions.
The National Food Crime Unit’s new chief, Darren Davies, wants to see firms that fraudulently use cheaper substitutes criminally prosecuted.
Food fraud rarely makes the news. The last major one was the 2013 horsemeat scandal. Goods prone to substitution also include olive oil and coffee.
Currently, only a handful of companies are prosecuted each year.
Typically, fraudsters mislabel cheap products as premium – such as horse meat for beef – or pad out a pure product with a cheaper alternative.
Fish, grains, honey, coffee, tea, spices, wine, certain fruit juices, milk and meat are the mostly commonly subject to fraud, according to a list drawn up by the EU Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety.
Another common substitution is expensive organic food being replaced by cheaper non-organic ingredients.
Health risks
The National Food Crime Unit is the Food Standards Agency (FSA)’s criminal investigation unit.
Darren Davis told BBC 5 live’s Wake Up To Money programme: “This is crime. We will be working with colleagues in different law enforcement sectors and local authorities initially to raid business premises and other locations where they are engaging in the most serious types of food crime.”
Mr Davies intends to prioritise fraudsters who put customer health at risk: “Clearly we will be far more concerned when that fraud or that adulteration of a food product has real, physical harm and risk of harm to people, particularly the vulnerable like people who have allergies.”
Sian Edmunds, a partner at law firm Burges-Salmon, who specialises in food and drink regulation, added: “There are potentially very serious safety issues.
“I had a case recently involving the supplier of a pesto product. Pesto is normally made with pine nuts but in this product the pine-nuts had been replaced with peanuts, which is a cheaper product but of course is one of the major allergens.
“There are not just issues around giving the consumer something that they weren’t expecting but also about the risk of causing serious harm to consumers as well.”
Chris Elliott, professor of food safety at Queen’s University Belfast and the founder of the Institute for Global Food Security, says that he sees “probably two, certainly less than five” prosecutions for food fraud reported in the UK each year.
Improvements
While the risk to health is the most serious issue, there are also significant financial costs associated with food fraud.
Research carried out last year by NFU Mutual suggested that it costs the UK food and drink industry up to £12bn a year.
That is partly due to overpayments for lesser ingredients, but also reflects the impact of unfair competition and the reputational damage when firms are revealed to have been unwitting participants in food fraud.
For consumers, there is good and bad news. Prof Elliott led the government review into food fraud after the horsemeat scandal and says that supermarkets have vastly improved their supply chains.
“If you are buying from major UK retailers then you can feel pretty safe because an enormous amount of work has been done since 2014 in terms of retailers getting on top of those people who cheat. Big retailers have a phenomenal testing process in place.”
However, he added that food chains were now so complicated that a jar of pesto in a supermarket could have had 40 or 50 different businesses involved in its production and distribution.
